Burner and method of use



BURNERAND METHOD oF USE Filed nec. V21, mez

SOURCE OF MATERIAL TO BE ANALYIED OXYGEN [4a fla /F/ HYDROGEN INVENTOR z 2 /w www FmzavmcH welll- E United States Patent O 3,298,785 BURNER AND METHOD F USE Friedrich Reul, Windecken, Hanau, Germany, assigner to Heraeus Quarzschmelze G.m.b.H., Rohrstrasse, Germany, a corporation of Germany Filed Dec. 21, 1962, Ser. No. 246,572 Claims priority, application Germany, Jan. 13, 1962,

H 44.610 8 Claims. (Cl. 231-230) This invention relates to burners -and nds particular application in the case of burners used for analysis `of material in liquid or gas form. The'apparatus andfprocedure of the invention is particularly well suited for the burning and analysis of organic liquids and gases.

Apparatus is known for the determination of sulfur, halogen, and boron content of organic substances by quantitative combustion of the substances.` lAn example of such apparatus is the Dr. Wickbold burner.

These analysis burners `are suction burners and comprise four concentrically'disposed pipes whereby 'an inner passageway and three annular passageways are provided. The inner passageway is referred to herein as the rst passageway and the innermost annular` passageway is referred to as the second passageway, the next annular passageway as the third passageway, andthe outermost annular passageway as the fourth passageway. In the known apparatus the oxygen necessary for combustion is passed through the inner or rst passageway; the substance to be analyzed is passed through the second passageway; a combustible gas, usually hydrogen, is passed through the third passageway; and excess oxygen is passed through the fourth passageway. The oxygen supply supports combustion, and the hydrogen supply provides a flame to assure burning of the substance to be analyzed (herein referred to as the fuel). In the known apparatus, the exit ends of the pipes terminate in a common plane perpendicular to the axis of the pipes.

These known burners have the disadvantage that the substance to be analyzed burns at the mouth of the respective supply pipes, and solids are deposited at the exit ends of the burner. As a consequence, the pipes,

particularly the pipes defining the passageway for thev substance to be analyzed or the fuel, may become completely closed so that the device is inoperative, or may become partially closed so that errors occur in the analysis. Moreover, in the known burners, the exit end of the burner is heated to the extent that the substance analyzed, if a liquid, is vaporized within the passageway through which it travels, and, depending on the substance being analyzed, solids are deposited in the pipe by reason of this evaporation in the pipe. This tends to clog the pipe and may occasion errors in analysis.

The thermally stressed parts of the known burners are made up of quartz.

It is a principal object of the invention to provide a burner which is free of the mentioned disadvantages of the known burners.

According to the invention, a burner construction is provided which is characterized in that the burning of the fuel (substance to be analyzed) occurs at a locus spaced from the discharge end of the passageway through which the fuel passes. This prevents the deposit of solids due to burning at the discharge of the fuel supply passageway, and further reduces the extent to which the discharge end of the fuel supply passageway is heated, so that, in the case of liquids, evaporation does not occur or does not occur to as great an extent, as in lthe case of burners wherein the burning takes place at the discharge of the fuel supply passageway.

According to the invention, a burner comprises a plurality of concentrically disposed pipes providing an ice inner passageway 'and separate outer passagewa'ys-about the inner passageway. Each `of said -passageways hasian inlet end and an outletend and said inletends arep'disi posed adjacent each other and the outlet ends arey disposed adjacent each other. Means are 'prdvided'ffor introducing fuel into the inletfend of the inner'passa'geway, and means vare provided for placing material forfacilitatin'g burning (hydrogen and oxygen inthe'case 'o'f'tlie"fDry Wickbold burner) of 'the fuel into the inlet end i the other passageways. y ia n Further, according to the invention; the fuel and'onefof the materials for facilitating combustion are admixed `at the discharge of the fuel supply"pas"sageway\(-theinner passageway) and additional material for facilitatingrcoml bustion of the fuel isk released frorr the outer passageway at a pointspacedfrom the discharge' end of the two' inner Pa'ssag'ew'ays. l n Y In accordanc`e`with the -.invention, the burner corn"- p'rises fourconcentrically dis'posedpipes providingarst passageway throughtheinnermst pipe,a second` passagew'ay as" 'a'sjannulus about the" firstl'passageway, a third passageway as an annulus about said second passageway, and a fourth '-passag'efwayas an'annulus about -the 'third passageway. `Fuel is to-'be'introduced into the first passageway and'material for facilitating burning of the fuel is introduced through the remaining 'three passageways.'

The invention `particularly contemplates" an4 apparatus comprising four concentrically disposed pipes, -as just described, and wherein the st, second, and "third passageways terminate short of the fourth or outermost pas'- sageway. Such construction is provided by terminating the two inner pipes `shortof the two outer pipes. The two inner pipes can terminate in the same plane which is perpendicular to' the axis ofthe burner and the two outer pipes can `terminate in the same plane, also perpendicular to the axis of the burner.

The invention provides' the burning procedure'wherein at least part of the materialfor facilitating combustion is conveyed by its delivery pipe to a locus of release -spaced from the outlet end of the pipe through which the fuel is conveyed, whereby the material for facilitating combustion is admixed with the fuel at the locus spaced from the outlet end of the fuel delivery pipe, and burning of the fuel occurs at a locus spaced from the outlet end of the fuel delivery pipe. Thus,`the rfuel is burned at a locus removed from the outlet end of its delivery pipe, and combustion does not start at the said outletend asis the case for prior art burners. Further, if the fuel is in liquid form, conversion of the fuel into a gas does not take place inthe fuel delivery pipe, but ratheroccurs after discharge of the fuel from the outlet end of its pipe.

In the four pipe burners of the prior art, oxygen is i passed through the inner pipe, the fuel is passed through 'the first annular passageway, hydrogen through the second annular passageway and oxygen through the third annular passageway. According to the invention, fuel is passed through the inner p ipe, oxygen can be passed through the rst and second'annularpassageways, and hydrogen can be passed through the third annular passageway. This preferred procedure offers the advantage that the fuel is well shieldedffrom the hydrogen which diffuses readily. The hydrogen provides the igniting flame, maintains the combustion, and assures complete combustion of the fuel. Since the hydrogen is released at a point spaced from the outlet end of the fuel supply pipe, burning tends to occur at a locus spaced from the outlet end of the fuel supply pipe and adjacent the outlet end of the hydrogen supply pipe. Further, this arrangement provides a cooling effect at the burner end of the apparatus.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross-sectional flow area of the passageways adjacent the spaanse outletends thereof, decreases inthe direction of the outlet ends. This provides an increase in flow velocity as the fuel yand materials for facilitating approach the outlet ends of their respective pipes. Another preferred embodiment, is .with respect to the relative cross-sectional flow area of the second passageway (first annular passageway) and the third passagewayv (second annular passageway). Preferably, particula-rly where oxygen is passed through the second and third passageways, t-he cross-sectional flow area of thethird passageway is larger than thecross-sectional flow area of the second passageway. v

The invention is further described in reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein an elevation view, partially a cross-section, of a device according to the invention is shown.. f

Referring tothe drawing, four pipes la, 4a, 5a, and 6a are disposed in concentricrelationship and provide an inner or first passageway 1,- a second passageway or first annular passageway 4, a third passageway or second annular passageway 5, and` a fourth passageway or third annular passageway 6. The .pipes terminate in outlet ends indicatedby the arrow 14, and the pipes. 1a and`4aterminate .short of the. point of termination -of the pipes 5a and 6a, so that the passageways.1,.4 and Sterminate short of the termination yof the passageway 6. The pipe la extends rearwardly frorn'the ,outlet ends 14 andy is integral with a connecting link 2 which connects the pipe 1awith a source off-ucl or material to-.be analyzed. The material to be analyzed is contained in the container 3. The pipe 4a extends rearwardly and communicates with the bulb 4b. In similar manner, the.pipe. 5a extends rearwardly and communicates with thebulb 5b,v The bulbs 4b and 5b `are communicated respectively with a container 10, by the connecting links 8 and 7. The lconnecting links 8 and 7 are each outttedwith a Valve 9, whereby the flow in thepipes -4aand 5a can be proportioned as is desi-red. Oxygen. can be contained in thecontainer 10. The louter pipe 6a extends rearwardly andconnects with a bulb 6b, and this-bulb is communicated withy acontainer 13 by a connecting link 11. The connectinglink 11 is, outfitted with a valve 17.2.` Hydrogen forsupporting the combustion can-be contained in the container 13. 1 v

.f The cross-sectional iiow area of the various passageways, adjacent the outlet ends 14, `decreases toward .the outlet end. 'Phe two inner pipes 1a and 4a converge adjacent the outlet end and provide these pipes as burner nozzles. The cross-sectional flow area of the second passageway (first annular passageway) is smaller than the cross-sectional flow area ofrthe third passageway (second annular passageway). The wall -of the pipe 5a, adjacent the outlet ends 14, diverges to provide, on the one hand, the desired reduction of cros-s-sectional iiow area for the third passageway Sjand, on the other hand, the desired cross-sectional flow area for the' fourth passage- Way v The burner can be constructed of quartz, as is known for such burners, and the outer pipe 6a can be aground .Section- 4 The burner operates in a known manner as a suction burner. In use, `it can be placed in a fired tube, as is known. y

While the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments thereof, various modifications will occur to those skilled in the art whose desire it is desired to secure by these letters passed all such modifications as are within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A burner comprising four concentrically ldisposed pipes providing a first passageway through the innermost pipe, a secondv passageway a-s an annulus about said first passageway, a third passageway as an annulus about said second passageway, and a fourth passageway as lan annulus about said third passageway, each of said passageways having an inlet end and an outlet end, and said inlet ends being disposed adjacent each other and said outlet ends being disposed adjacent each other, means for introducing fuel to said first passageway and means for introducing material for facilitating burning of the fuel through the remaining three passageways, said first, second, and third passageways terminating short of said fourth passageway.

2. A burner according to claim 1, the cross-sectional flow area of` said passageways adjacent the outlet ends thereof, decreasing in the directions of the outlet ends.

3. A burner according to claim 1, the cross-sectional flow area of said third passageway adjacent the outlet ends being larger than the cross-sectional flow area of said second passageway adjacent the outlet ends.

4. A burner according to claim 2, the cross-sectional iiow area of said third passageway adjacent the outlet ends being larger than the cross-sectional flow area of said second passageway adjacent the outlet ends.

5. A burner according to claim 1, said pipes being quartz.

6. A burner according to claim 1, the two inner pipes terminating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the burner and the two outer pipes terminating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the burner.

7. The method of burning ay fuel which comp-rises burning the fuel with a burner comprising four concentrically disposed pipes Iproviding a fir-st passageway through the innermost pipe, a second passageway as an annulus about said first passageway, a third passageway as an annulus about said second passageway, and a fourth passageway as an annulus about said thi-rd passageway, each of said passageways having an inlet end and an outlet end, and said inlet ends being disposed adjacent each other and said outlet ends being disposed adjacent each other, said first, second, and third passageways terminating short of said fourth passageway whereby three shortened passageways are provided, passing fuel for combustion through said rst passageway, passing oxygen through said second and third passageways, and passing a combustible ma terial through said fourth passageway.

.8. The method -of claim 7, wherein the combustion material passed through the fourth passageway is hydrogen.

References Cited by, the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS MORRIS O. WOLK, Primary Examiner.

JAMES H.A TAYMAN, JR., Examiner, 

7. THE METHOD OF BURNING A FUEL WHICH COMPRISES BURNING THE FUEL WITH A BURNER COMPRISING FOUR CONCENTRICALLY DISPOSED PIPES PROVIDING A FIRST PASSAGEWAY THROUGH THE INNERMOST PIPE, A SECOND PASSAGEWAY AS AN ANNULUS ABOUT SAID FIRST PASSAGEWAY, A THIRD PASSAGEWAY AS AN ANNULUS ABOUT SAID SECOND PASSAGEWAY, AND A FOURTH PASSAGEWAY AS AN ANNULUS ABOUT SAID THIRD PASSAGEWAY, EACH OF SAID PASSAGEWAYS HAVING AN INLET END AND AN OUTLET END, AND SAID INLET ENDS BEING DISPOSED ADJACENT EACH OTHER, SAID FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD PASSAGEWAYS TERMINATING SHORT OF SAID FOURTH PASSAGEWAY WHEREBY THREE SHORTENED PASSAGEWAYS ARE PROVIDED, PASSING FUEL FOR COMBUSTION THROUGH SAID FIRST PASSAGEWAY, PASSING OXYGEN THROUGH SAID SECOND AND THIRD PASSAGEWAYS, AND PASSING A COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL THROUGH SAID FOURTH PASSAGEWAY. 